sunacres

I don’t know if the room dimensions shown on the sketch in my previous post are correct. I’ve never checked.

When I decided to start thinking about layout plan options I asked a couple of kids who had finished their classwork early to measure the room. I made a rough chalk sketch of the major features on the blackboard, handed them a variety of different measuring tapes and asked them to fill the sketch in with the lengths of each section of wall and the distances between opposite walls. This is a photo of the results:

mensions.jpg 

You won’t be able to see much of the detail in this compressed image, but I still zoom in on the original file whenever I need to check something. Some of the measurements are hilarious.

When I first started teaching I discovered that even high school students today have no idea how to operate a ruler. At first I found this to be astonishing, but I’ve since observed that many of the “technologies” that were part of my life growing up are quickly becoming specialized crafts. Cursive handwriting is rarely taught any more, it’s gone. It freaks a child out if you ask them to write (print) more than about half a page without letting them use a computer. And even typing is starting to go away as voice recognition becomes increasingly accurate and useful.  

At some point in every year of teaching math I apologize to students for the failure of my generation to complete the process Congress started back in the 60s and 70s to convert the US to the metric system. There is a solid two years of school math that would be unnecessary if we weren’t one of only three countries left in the world still reliant on the Imperial system (Burma and Liberia are the other two). But, I like teaching specialized crafts like the Imperial system of measurement. It’s cute.

Ruler.jpg 

It really frustrates them when I ask them to do calculations with Imperial units and conventions, especially when the task involves tools which make obvious the comparison with how intuitive and straightforward the same task would be with metric. They can see clearly that the underlying mathematical principles are often obscured by the Imperial system, if you see what I mean.

Anyway, one of the important concepts that measurement demands is “attending to accuracy.” That doesn’t mean always use the most sensitive micrometer that you can find, it means use a level of accuracy that is appropriate for the task at hand, and express your values so that the degree of accuracy is clear. One of the longer room dimensions on the blackboard is recorded as 27 feet 3 and 5/32 inches. Wow, that’s confidence!

I ask students to measure things a lot. I asked them to measure what scale speed the locomotive on the Inglenook was traveling (in scale miles per hour, natch). They needed to know what the scale of the model was (HO, technically 1:87.0857142 with the last five digits repeating, but I suggested that they just use 1:87), how many actual inches lay between two points, and how many seconds it took to transit that distance. Then they had to do all of the conversions to get from actual inches per second to scale miles per hour. Trivial, but for middle school students that’s a fairly boggling amount of measuring and calculating to do. But they did it, and I think most of them really understood what they were doing and felt proud of themselves for working it out.

They didn't care as much for the followup assignment to identify the possible sources of error in their measurements of time and distance and estimate the range of possible actual values that would result from the extremes of these small errors. If their first measurement came to 16 mph, did their tolerances with the ruler and stopwatch mean the actual value was somewhere between 14 and 18, or what?

Jeff

Jeff Allen

My MRH Blog Index

Reply 0
Logger01

Mathematics Follow Up – Boyle's and Charles'

As my club is in a wing of a Children's Museum, I have continuing opportunities to engage the K through 12+ set. The club layouts are actually installed in what were the kindergartens classrooms of a "temporary" 1943 elementary school built at part of the Manhattan Project. Every summer the club supports a model Railroad Camp, and one group was very interested in the operation of steam locomotives (several had been to to Tweetsei RR, Dollywood and other venues operating steam locomotives).

After some discussion and illustrations of steam engine mechanics (The basic illustration are good however, several of the links on the page are broken, but the Walschaerts valve gear link is still good) some of the older campers were able to grasp the basics of engine operations. A couple even developed a good understanding of how force was transferred from the pistons to the drive wheels, and a vague sense of the relation of power (force) to steam pressure and piston surface area (These are only 1st to 3rd graders).

Your middle school crews should be up to the task of calculating the potential tractive effort for the prototype of your model given the piston diameter, steam pressure and drive wheel dimensions (not including frictional losses and other sources of error). Given the period when your model was designed, they will have a lot of imperial dimensions to deal with. With a little more guidance they will be able to calculate and graph the pressure in the cylinders at any position of the piston stroke.

Much appreciation for you great work.

Ken K

gSkidder.GIF 

Reply 0
sunacres

steam engine mechanics

Excellent site Ken, thanks!

You know that kids are fascinated by the side rod and valve gear motion of a moving steam locomotive. I'm fascinated too. I actually thought about this when considering what kind of locomotive to feature on the Inglenook. Outside mounted valve gear is intrinsically fascinating for anyone with a "how does that work?" trigger in their minds. 

Almost all of the kids totally get the basic power stroke of the pistons and side rods, and they get the value of admitting steam to both directions of the stroke, so they quickly appreciate the importance of regulating the valve motion as a function of the position of the drive piston. Figuring out how the geometry of the valve gear accomplishes that, especially considering the action of the reversing mechanism, is tantalizing for a few of the mechanically minded students.

This element of "visible mechanics" is what drove me to use a steam engine on the Inglenook and I'm inclined to lean them towards focus on the steam era when we nail down the period we plan to model on the room layout. But I'm leaving open the possibility that some of them may be more motivated by modeling the kind of motive power that they can see on the rails today. Understanding the diesel electric system is also pretty interesting, and viscerally exciting when you're near a modern road engine.

Long container freights exit the Oakland shipping terminal right down the middle of Jack London Square not far from our school and I know most of the students have at some point been there, 20 feet from a passing multiunit lashup rumbling majestically past them. But so far we haven't discussed what they'd like to focus on in their model. It will be interesting to have this discussion soon...

Jeff

Jeff Allen

My MRH Blog Index

Reply 0
Reply